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Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State
The Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in the Natural State, also known as the London Convention of 1933, was an early agreement among colonial powers for the conservation of nature. As one of the first general conservation agreement in Africa, and the first to specifically protect a plant species, it has been called the Magna Carta of wildlife conservation and "the high point of institutionalised global nature protection before the Second World War".〔(Steinhart, Edward I. ''Black Poachers, White Hunters: A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya'' James Currey Publishers, 2006 ISBN 0-85255-960-7 p. 180 )〕
==Political process==
The Convention was the result of the 1933 International Conference for the Protection of the Fauna and Flora of Africa, presided over by Richard Onslow, 5th Earl of Onslow, then president of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire. It was based on the London Convention of 1900, which had been agreed to but never came into force due a lack of ratifications.
Signatories of the 1933 convention were Belgium, Egypt, France, Italy, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Union of South Africa and the United Kingdom and its dependencies. All but France and Spain ratified the agreement in 1935, and British India acceded partially in 1939. In 1950, it was ratified by Portugal and in 1963, then-independent Tanganyika acceded to the convention.
The 1933 London Convention was superseded by the African Convention on Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1968.
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